Wetland and Aquatic Plants
of
Oklahoma
Interactive Keys: Emergent
Yellow Flowers
5. Inflorescence highly modified into disk
or ray flowers
A. Sunflowers
(Asteraceae)
i. Beggarstick (Bidens
spp.)
a. Leaf margins smooth or toothed, but
not lobed
b. Leaves lobed
i. Seeds long and narrow
ii. Seeds oblong or oval in shape
ii. Goldentop (Euthamia spp.)
iii. Sneezeweed (Helenium spp.)
iv. Coneflower (Rudbeckia sp.)
Sunflowers (Asteraceae)
Beggarstick (Bidens
spp.)
Leaf margins smooth
(entire) or toothed (dentate), but not lobed
Nodding
beggartick (Bidens
cernua L.)
Native annual.
Click thumbnail to enlarge
Note: Ray flowers absent.
NWI
status: OBL
Smooth beggartick (Bidens
laevis (L.) B.S.P.)
Native
perennial.
Note: Ray flowers obvious. Only
reported from southern McCurtain County.
NWI
status: OBL
Leaves
lobed
Seeds long and narrow
Bigelow's
beggarticks (Bidens
bigelovii Gray)
Native annual.
NWI
status: OBL
Seeds oblong or oval in
shape
Bearded beggarticks (Bidens
aristosa (Michx.) Britt.)
Native
annual.
Note: Ray flowers present.
NWI
status: FACW
Small beggarticks (Bidens
discoidea (Torr. & Gray) Britt.)
Native annual.
Note: Ray flowers absent.
NWI
status: FACW
Devil's beggartick (Bidens
frondosa L.)
Native annual.
Note: Ray flowers absent.
NWI
status: FACW
Goldentop (Euthamia
spp.)
Note: Goldentops are an important larval food for
numerous
insects.
Flat-top
goldentop (Euthamia
graminifolia (L.) Nutt.)
Native
perennial.
Note: Leaves are narrow.
NWI
status: FACW-
Bushy
goldentop (Euthamia
leptocephala (Torr. & Gray) Greene)
Native perennial.
Note: Leaves are broader than flat-top goldentop.
NWI
status: FACW-
Sneezeweed (Helenium
spp.)
Common sneezeweed (Helenium
autumnale L.)
Native perennial.
Note:
The ray and disk
flowers are yellow. Used by the Cherokees
to induce
sneezing. The Comanche used it to treat
fever.
NWI
status: FACW
Purplehead sneezeweed (Helenium
flexuosum Raf.)
Native perennial.
Note:
The ray flowers
are yellow and the disk flowers brown.
NWI
status: FACW
Coneflower (Rudbeckia
sp.)
Cutleaf
coneflower (Rudbeckia
laciniata L.)
Native perennial.
Note: Leaves were eaten as a salad or dried for
later use
by the Cherokee.
NWI
status: FACW
Last update: 2/25/04
Comments to : Bruce Hoagland
bhoagland@ou.edu
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